By the year AD 1000, they had started to cultivate maize. Arriving in 1535, Cartier was the first European to visit the area.Īrchaeological evidence in the region indicate that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. The Commission de toponymie du Québec has dismissed this idea as a misconception. One possibility, noted by the government of Canada on its website concerning Canadian place names, speculates that the name as it is currently written originated when an early map of 1556 used the Italian name of the mountain, Monte Real The toponym Montréal and its reversed form Réalmont, the direct Occitan translation of French mont royal (or royal mont), are common in southern France. One of Cartier's officers was Claude de Pontbriand, lord of the Château de Montréal, in the Occitan-speaking part of France. According to one theory, the name derives from mont Réal, ( Mont Royal in modern French, although in 16th-century French the forms réal and royal were used interchangeably) Cartier's 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, refers to le mont Royal. Its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. “Tiohtià꞉ke” is an abbreviation of “Teionihtiohtiá꞉kon”, which loosely translates as “where the group divided/parted ways.” įrench settlers from La Flèche in the Loire valley first named their new town, founded in 1642, Ville Marie ("City of Mary"), named for the Virgin Mary. In the Mohawk language, the land is called Tiohtià꞉ke. In the Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang which was "the first stopping place" in the Ojibwe migration story as related in the seven fires prophecy. It is also home to the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League, who have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other team. The city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One the Montreal International Jazz Festival, the largest jazz festival in the world the Just for Laughs festival, the largest comedy festival in the world and Les Francos de Montréal, the largest French-language music festival in the world. In 2018, Montreal was ranked as a global city. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics. Montreal has hosted multiple international conferences and events, including the 1967 International and Universal Exposition and the 1976 Summer Olympics. It is regularly ranked as a top ten city in the world to be a university student in the QS World University Rankings. In 2017, Montreal was ranked the 12th-most liveable city in the world by the Economist Intelligence Unit in its annual Global Liveability Ranking, although it slipped to rank 40 in the 2021 index, primarily due to stress on the healthcare system from the COVID-19 pandemic. Montreal is the location of the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization, and was named a UNESCO City of Design in 2006. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, transport, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, art, culture, tourism, food, fashion, video game development, film, and world affairs. Historically the commercial capital of Canada, Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 58.5% of the population able to speak both English and French. Overall, 85.7% of the population of the city of Montreal considered themselves fluent in French while 90.2% could speak it in the metropolitan area. In 2021, it was spoken at home by 59.1% of the population and 69.2% in the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area. The city is 196 km (122 mi) east of the national capital Ottawa, and 258 km (160 mi) southwest of the provincial capital, Quebec City.Īs of 2021, the city had a population of 1,762,949, and a metropolitan population of 4,291,732, making it the second-largest city, and second-largest metropolitan area in Canada. The city is centred on the Island of Montreal, which obtained its name from the same origin as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. Founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill around which the early city of Ville-Marie is built. Montreal ( / ˌ m ʌ n t r i ˈ ɔː l/ ( listen) MUN-tree- AWL officially Montréal, French: ( listen)) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec.
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